一、定语从句(先行词/名词+定语从句)
1. 解题方法：代入法(先行词代入从句中担任成份)：依据不同成份，用相应的联络代词或联络副词。
成分：主 宾 表 介+宾 一切 时 地 原因
人：who/that who/whom/that/- that 介+whom whose+n.
物: which/that which/that/- that 介+which whose+n. when where why
of which the n. for which
the n. of which
2. 非限制性定语从句：即用逗号与主句或先行词分隔，用于弥补阐明。在非限制性定从中，不能用that。
3. as为联络代词， “正如、就像”的意思, 引导非限制性定从时可置于句首、句中或句末; 引导限制性定语从句时出现在下列词组里such…as…/the same …as…/so…as
4. 一般只用that引导从句的状况：
(1) 限制性定语从句中，当先行词被着重，如被any, every, each, few, little, no, some, the only, the very等润饰时；
(2) 先行词是不定代词all, few, little, much, something, nothing, anything等时；
(3) 先行词被序数词或形容词的第一流所润饰时；
(4) 先行词既有人又有物时；
(5) 当句中已有who时，为防止重复。
5.一般只用which 引导从句的状况: which 代替短语中的that
during that time- during which time in that case – in which case
6. 当way作先行词时，可用that, in which或省掉引导定从
7.当先行词为situation, case, point, job, condition等且在从句中作状语(介+名)时，常用where引导定从。
8. 当先行词为one of the +复数名词时，定从的谓动用复数动词；
当先行词为the (only)one of the +复数名词时，定从的谓动用奇数动词；
9. anyone who / those who
10.occasion when
二、名词性从句
1. 名词性从句的基本概念：
1) 主语从句：在句中充任主语；亦可用it作方法主语，主语从句置于句末。
It is said that…
2) 宾语从句：在句中充任及物动词或介词的宾语；亦可用it作方法宾语，宾语从句置于句末。I consider it important that…
3) 表语从句：在句中充任系动词的表语。
4) 同位语从句：常置于fact, idea, news, promise, doubt, suggestion, possibility, belief等表明有内容的名词后，起解说、阐明效果。
2. 名词性从句考点:
1) 陈述句语序
2) 含宾从的复合句中，主句和从句的时态保持共同，但假如从句中表明是客观现象，尽管主句是曩昔时态，从句仍用一般现在时。
3.名词性从句解题方法: 看缺不缺成分.
1)短少主语、表语、宾语(不指人)时, 常用what 引导。
2)如不缺成份：用that引导，主语从句、同位语从句、表从、介词宾从、第二个宾从、实践主从或宾从不能省掉；单个动词宾从可省掉引导词that。
3)只能用whether，不能用if表明“是否”的状况如下：
(1) 在表语从句和同位语从句中；
(2) 在主语从句中，假如用it做方法主语，whether和if都能引导主语从句，不然，只能用whether
It is not decided whether/if he will come to the meeting.
Whether he will come to the meeting is not decided.
(3) 在介词之后；介词+whether
(4) 后边直接跟动词不定式；whether to do
(5) 与or not连用；whether or not
(6) 引导退让状语从句，只能用whether(不管)。Whether … or …..
4.同位语从句与定语从句的差异：
同位语从句：该名词在从句中不充任成份；
One of the men held the view that what the book said was right.
定语从句：先行词在从句中充任成分。
This is the idea I’d like to share with you.
三、状语从句
1. 状语从句的类型
1) 时刻状语从句：常见引导词有：
when：“当……时分,这时,已然(在……的状况下)”be about to do when…/进行时+when/be on the point of doing …when
while：“当……时分(表动作连续)”(“而”“尽管”)
as: “当…… 时分”,着重两动作一起进行。(“因为”, “尽管”, “正如”, “和……相同” “跟着”）
before “在……前, 才,就” It will be +一段时刻before …
once “一旦”
as soon as： 表明从句的动作一发作，主句的动作立刻就发作。
hardly / scarcely … when；no sooner … than：表明“还没来得及……就；刚……就”。
directly, immediately, instantly：副词当连词用，表明“一……就”。
the moment, the minute, the second：充任连词，等于when / as soon as。
each time, every time, next time, by the time, the first time, the last time, any time等：也能够引导时刻状语从句。
since：主句常用现在完成时，从句常用一般曩昔时。常用句型：It is + 段时刻 + since从句，“自从……有多长时刻了”。
until：常与not连用，表明“直到……才……”；
Not until+从句+主句的倒装句.
It is/was not until +从句 +that +主句的剩下部分.
e.g. I didn’t get up until ten o’clock this morning.
2) 退让状语从句：常见引导词有：although(不倒装), though（可倒，也可不倒）, as（须倒装，提早形/名（省掉冠词）/动/副/分），even if, even though, whether … or…,等。
e.g. Though he is a child, he knows a lot.- Child as he is, he knows a lot.
Though he is young, he knows a lot.- Young as he is, he knows a lot.
注: although ,though 可与yet ,still 连用, 不能和but 连用
3) 原因状语从句：常见引导词有：
because：常用于答复why,口气最强；着重原因，常与just, only等起着重效果的副词连用；可引导表语从句。
for：是个并排连词，一般不放在句首，常表明一种估测或解说，或用作附加阐明，口气弱。It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet.
as, since：“已然、因为”，表明非常显着的原因，口气较弱。
now that：表明“已然”的意思。
Seeing that … , considering that , given that, because of , thanks to , due to , owing to
4) 地址状语从句：常见引导词有：where, wherever等。
5) 意图状语从句： so that, in order that , for fear that , in case , lest+(should) +do
6) 成果状语从句：常见引导词有：that, so that, so … that, such … that …, 等。
7) 方法状语从句：由as, as if(though)+从句/ doing/ done/ to do 等引导。
8) 比较状语从句：由than, as等引导。
9) 条件状语从句：由if +any, possible, so, ever, necessary, if anything, unless, so (as) long as, in case, on condition that, suppose/ supposing, provided/ providing that等引导。
2. 留意：
1) 主将从现规矩：在时刻状语从句、条件状语从句、退让状语从句、方法状语从句中，若主句用一般将来时，或是祈使句，或是含有神态动词的谓语方法，从句则用一般现在时表明将来时，如：You can join our club when you get a bit older.
2) 疑问词 + ever和no matter + 疑问词的差异：疑问词 + ever可引导名词性从句和退让状语从句；no matter + 疑问词，只能引导退让状语从句。
e.g. 名词性从句 whatever=anything that 任何事
whoever=anyone who 任何人
退让状语从句 whatever =no matter what 不管什么
whoever=no matter who 不管谁
