四级翻译：文明与社会

【四级翻译：文明与社会原文1】
我国政府高度重视保护环境，以为保护环境联系到国家现代化建设的大局和久远开展，是谋福今世、惠及后代的工作。我国政府将环境保护确立为一项根本国策，在推动经济开展的一起，采纳一系列方法加强保护环境。特别是近年来，我国政府坚持预防为主、综合管理、全面推动、要点打破，着力处理损害人民群众健康的杰出环境问题；坚持立异体系机制，抢先科学前进，强化环境法治，发挥社会各方面的积极性。 经过努力，环境污染和生态损坏加重的趋势减缓，部分流域污染管理初见成效，部分城市和区域环境质量有所改善，全社会保护环境认识进一步增强。

【参阅译文1】The Chinese government attaches great importance to environmental protection. It believes that environmental protection has a bearing on the overall situation of China?s modernization drive and its long-term development and that it is an undertaking which will not only benefit the Chinese people of today but also bring benefit to their children and grand children. The Chinese government has established environmental protection as a basic national policy. While promoting economic growth, it has adopted a series of measures to protect the environment. Especially in recent years, adhering to the principle of prevention first, comprehensive control, entire push-on and key-point breakthrough, Chinese government has made great efforts to solve those outstanding environmental problems that threaten people?s health. It has persisted in institutional innovation, relied on technological advances, strengthened the role of law in environmental protection and brought into

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full play the initiative of various sectors of the society. Thanks to these efforts, the trend toward aggravated environmental pollution and ecological destruction has slowed down, pollution control in some river basins has achieved some initial success, the environmental quality of some cities and regions has improved to some extent, and the people?s awareness of the importance of environmental protection has increased further.

【参阅译文2】The Chinese government attaches great importance to environmental protection. It believes that environmental protection will have a direct impact on the overall situation of China's modernization drive and its long-term development, and considers environmental protection an undertaking that will not only benefit the Chinese people of today but also their children and grandchildren. Years ago, the Chinese government established environmental protection as a basic national policy and sustainable development as an important strategy, and has adhered to the road of a new type of industrialization. While promoting economic growth, it has adopted a whole array of measures to strengthen environmental protection. Especially in recent years, the Chinese government has adhered to focusing on preventive measures, comprehensive control and overall progress with breakthroughs at some key points, and worked hard to solve conspicuous environmental problems threatening people's health. At the same time, it has continued its efforts for institutional innovation, relied on scientific and technological advances, strengthened the legal system of environmental protection, and brought into full play the initiative of people of all walks of life. Thanks to these efforts, although the amount of resource consumption and pollutants is increasing greatly, the trend toward aggravated environmental pollution and ecological

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destruction is slowing down; especially, environmental pollution control in some river valleys has seen some positive results, the environmental quality of some cities and regions has improved, and the people's awareness of the importance of environmental protection has enhanced.

【分析】

1.“高度重视”除可译为attach great importance to，外，亦可译为set（或put/lay） great/high store by/on?、lay（或put/place） stress on/upon?、give prominence to?和think highly of?。

2. have a bearing on?需紧记，该短语的意义是to have an effect or influence on sth.。

3.“根本国策”的译法basic national/state policy需紧记。
4.“杰出（的）”也能够译为salient。

5. “社会各方面”两种译文处理方法不同，均可参阅。people of all walks of life系固定调配。

6. bring sth. into full play系固定调配，用来翻译“发挥……的积极性”很稳妥。

7. “经过努力”切不可字对字死译，不然必是中式。译为Thanks to these efforts,才是精确的译文。

8. “进一步增强”译为??has increased further不如译为?has enhanced简练、地道。

【原文】
中华民族的传统文明博学多才，源源不绝。早在2000多年前，就产生了以孔孟为代表的儒家学说和以老庄为代表的道家学说，以及其他许多也在我国思想史上有位置的学说和学派。这便是有名的诸子百家。从孔夫子到孙中山，中华民族的传统文明有它的许多珍品，许多人民性和民主性的好东西。比方，着重仁慈、着重集体、着重天下为公，特别是“天下兴亡，责无旁贷”的爱国情趣和吃苦耐劳、勤俭持家、尊师重教的传统美德。所有这些，对家庭、对国家和社会都起到了巨大的维系和调节效果。

【参阅译文】
The traditional Chinese culture, both extensive and profound, starts far back and runs a long, long course. More than 2,000 years ago there emerged in China Confucianism represented by Confucius and Mencius, Taoism, represented by Lao Zi and Zhuang Zi, and many other theories and doctrines that figured prominently in the history of Chinese thought, all being covered by the famous term, "the masters' hundred schools."
From Confucius to Dr. Sun Yat-sen, the traditional Chinese culture presents many precious ideas and qualities, which are essentially populist and democratic. For example, they lay stress on the importance of kindness and love in human relations, on the interest of the community, and on the idea that the world is for all, especially on patriotism as embodied in the saying, "everybody is responsible for the rise or fall of the country;" and long suffering and hard working diligence and frugality in

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household management, and respecting teachers and valuing education. All these have played a great role in binding and regulating the family, the country and the society.

【分析】

1.“中华民族的传统文明博学多才，源源不绝。”系典型的主谓结构，再仔细分析，能够做如下转化：“中华民族博学多才的传统文明源源不绝。”据此将both extensive and profound作为后置定语译出。整句层次分明，趁热打铁。此例具有代表性。

2.“早在2000多年前，就产生了以孔孟为代表的儒家学说和以老庄为代表的道家学说，以及其他许多也在我国思想史上有位置的学说和学派。”这是汉语中典型的“无主句”，翻译时可选用中的there ＋emerge句型译出。

3.“孔子”和“孟子”及后文的“孙中山”皆有定译，绝不可用汉语拼音翻译。

4.“这便是有名的诸子百家。”虽然在原文中系一句话，但在英译文中却能够作为前一句的附加成分，所以处理为all being covered by the famous term, "the masters' hundred schools."。

5. “许多人民性和民主性的好东西”是在描绘“许多珍品”的性质，二者决不是并排联系，“人民性”和“民主性”可分别处理为形容词populist和democratic，因为前文已提及“珍品”，所以近义词“好东西”天然能够省掉不译。

6. “天下为公”和“天下兴亡，责无旁贷”均为常见熟语，考生对这类熟语的英译应有较多堆集。

7. “起到……的效果”能够用play a role/part in doing sth.对译。

【原文】
许多专家以为，教学改革的燃眉之急是要改动现在的课程设置和考试方法，不要让孩子只知道“头悬梁，锥刺股，死读书，读死书”。他们指出，教育改革的关键在于使全社会认识到中、小学教育的意图不仅仅让学生把握必要的常识，更应该进步学生整体素质，特别是他们关于人生意义和社会职责这些底子的问题要有比较深化的考虑。校园要在这些方面深化研究，挑选适宜的内容和方法引导和协助学生构成正确的观念。假如校园只着重常识教育而忽视了人生课程的引导，那么培养出来的仅仅一批文字或许数字机器，而不是准备进入社会的准备人才。

【参阅译文】
Many experts hold the idea that the highest priority in the reform of education system should be given to the improvement and reform in curriculum and examination system in order to avoid a generation paying undue attention to textbooks. They pointed out that the key of the reform in the education system is a well-shared awareness that the high and primary educations are there, instead of simply offering the knowledge important to the students, to improve the students in an all-round way, and especially to guide them to a careful pondering over such fundamental issues as life itself and social responsibility. As to the schools, they try their best to get a better way to gradually guide the students to an appropriate view over the world around them. An undue emphasis on knowledge-education and the resultant ignorance over the guidance to the students to a proper understanding of life will bring us nothing but a large number of “memorizing machines”. We can never expect a group of young people well prepared for the real social life.

【分析】

1.要想汉译英做得好，把握必定数量的句型必不可少。如最初的“……以为，……”就能够用?hold the idea/view that?或?be of the opinion that?译出，这样译文才会地道。又如第二句“??的燃眉之急是??”能够用The highest priority in?should be given to?译出。
2.“头悬梁”、“锥刺股”、“死读书”和“读死书”其实说的都是一回事，考生不用费尽心机想怎么逐字译出，这在有限的考试时刻里并不实际，因而只须吃透意思后用精确、简练的言语译出即可。paying undue attention to textbooks五个单词就译出了12个字的意思。考生应把握这种技巧，在备考中有认识地练习。此例有代表性。

3.“引导”天然包容“协助”之意，help可省略。

4.“文字或许数字机器”既可直译，亦可译意，参阅译文意译为memorizing machines，这更便于了解。

【原文】
太湖明珠无锡，坐落江苏省南部，地处美丽富饶的长江三角洲中心地带。这儿气候宜人，物产丰富，景色优美，是我国要点景色旅游城市。与万里长城齐名的古京杭大运河直通市区，泛舟河上，能领会水乡的民俗风情。
距市区七公里的太湖梅梁景区是太湖景色之精华，碧波万顷，渔帆点点，山清水秀令人沉醉。其间的鼋头渚巨石状如鼋头，远眺烟波浩渺的太湖，被诗人郭沫若称为“太湖佳绝处”。

【参阅译文】
Like a bright pearl set on the Taihu Lake and situated in the center of the beautiful and fertile Changjiang Delta in southern Jiangsu Province, Wuxi  is one of China's major tourist cities, with its pleasant climate, rich natural resources and picturesque scenery. Cutting through the city is the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal, an ancient project equal in fame to the Great Wall. A trip along the river will enable the visitor to get to know the customs and life styles of the local people.
Seven kilometers from downtown Wuxi is a popular scenic area known as Meiliang. There, the Taihu Lake is at its best: the vast expanse of blue waters is dotted by fishing boats against an enchanting background of mist-shrouded hills. Of the scenic spots in the area, the huge rock named Yuantouzhu resembles a turtle's head. The rock commands a distant view of the boundless Taihu Lake. It is lauded by Guo Moruo, a renowned Chinese poet, as the "best spot of the Taihu Lake".

【原文】
我国是一个开展我国家，人口多，底子薄，乡村区域经济不发达。贫穷区域较为会集的西部区域公路、铁路等基础设施比较单薄。这些区域的教育、卫生等根本社会服务水平低，农业生产条件差。我国政府在全国范围内施行的扶贫开发，极大的缓解了贫穷现象。

【参阅译文】
China is a developing country with a large population, a meager heritage and an underdeveloped economy in the rural areas. The western region, where most of the poverty-stricken areas are located, has a weak infrastructure such as highways and railways. The level of education, public health and other basic social services is low in these areas. Besides, agricultural production conditions are poor. The Chinese government has implemented nationwide a large-scale program for development-oriented poverty relief, alleviating poverty considerably.