写法辅导
阐明文是以阐明为首要表达方式的文体。它首要用来阐明事物的特色、开展改变规则及剖析来龙去脉，意图在于使读者取得必要的信息，使人们对事物有个明晰、完好的了解和知道。阐明文分为三种类型：实体事物阐明文，包含阐明书、广告、解说词等；事理阐明文，包含理论性概念解说、书文简介、教材等；文艺性阐明文，即要把阐明的目标拟人化，然后编成一个故事介绍给读者。
写阐明文要留意以下几点：
1．要抓准特征。对某一事物予以阐明，首要要澄清从哪些方面加以阐明才干精确地反映被阐明的事物。一般说来，阐明事物能够从被阐明事物的色彩、形状、形状；性质、功用、习性；原因、原理；效果、用处、功用；损害、影响；结构；操作过程；发作、开展的规则等方面着手。可是，每一事物都有它自己的特征，然后显现出了这一事物与其他事物的底子差异，因而，在阐明事物时，不要八面玲珑，要捉住事物的特征，这样才干使读者得到详细而深入的形象。
2．层非必须清楚。阐明事物要留意条理，不然就不或许说清杂乱的事物。例如阐明事物的结构，就要依照结构的次序来阐明，或从上到下，或早年到后，或由外到里，或由主到次。又如阐明四季的改变，就要依照时刻的次序(spring, summer, autumn, winter)来写。
3．解析要清楚。对各种常识所作的解说，对某种事物所作的阐明，都要清楚了解。
4.表现手法要多样。常见的阐明文办法有：①下界说。②举比如。③运用比方、比较的办法。④做比较。⑤引证数字。⑥分类别。⑦列图表。
5.用词要力求精确。引证的数据要肯定牢靠，文字要短小精悍，一望而知。这是写阐明文在言语文字上的要求。
请看下面的例文：
例文
Hello，friend,
You are warmly welcomed to our school. I'm Wu Dong.I'm very glad to be your guide. First, I'd like to tell you something about our school. It was set up in 1957. The number of students is over 1,200, and the number of the teachers is about 100. There are altogether 20 classes. Besides the teaching buildings, we have a library for different kinds of subjects, and a school-run workshop.
We have four classes in the morning and two in the afternoon. After classes, we join in various activities, such as ball games, painting, singing and dancing.
Now let me show you around our school. This way, please.
名师点评
本文是一篇阐明文，是由学生招待来访的朋友，向人们介绍本校的状况。本文意图清晰，材料精确、详尽，言语简练，并能按必定的次序来写，是一篇较好的阐明文。
佳作展现
My Pencil-box
I have a very beautiful pencil-box. I like it very much. One day six years ago when I was in the primary school, my mother took me to a shop to buy the pencil-box. I still remember that first I saw a big and beautiful one, but it was not strong enough. I didn't like it at all. Then we continued to look for another pencil-box. Suddenly I saw a very small but nice one, and it was also stronger than others. So I was very glad ① to buy it, on which ② we only spent five yuan.
I looked at the pencil-box carefully. There were two cats and some mice on it. The cats didn't want to eat the mice. They seemed to be very friendly. They even played together happily. How funny!
Since I had the pencil-box, I could put my articles (用品)for study such as rubber,ballpens, knife, ruler in it. When I was doing my lessons or homework ③, I could use some of them freely.Since then I wasn't afraid to lose them any longer. The box became my good friend. How good and convenient(便利) !
Now I am in Junior Three. The pencil-box is still with me. The picture of cats and mice can't be seen any more, but it doesn't matter. It is even much nicer. It has given me a lot of help in my study. Though there are more things in it than before, it didn't make any word of complaint (怨言). Oh, what a good and honest, quiet friend! I can get on very well with it for ever.
译文
我的文具盒
我有一个美丽的文具盒，我十分喜欢它。
六年前的一天，我上小学时，妈妈带我到商铺买了这个文具盒。我还记得那时我首要看见一个又大又美丽的文具盒，但它不行健壮，我底子不喜欢。接着，咱们继续寻觅其他文具盒。忽然，我看见了一个很小而制造精密的文具盒，它比其他的健壮。所以，我很快乐地买下了，只花了五元钱。
我细心看了看文具盒，上面有两只猫和几只小老鼠。画面上的那些猫并没有吃老鼠，它们如同十分友爱，乃至很快乐地在一起戏耍。多么风趣啊!
自从我有了这个文具盒，我把学习用品都放在里边。如橡皮、圆珠笔、小刀和尺子。我在做功课或家庭作业时，能够自由地运用，从那时起，我再也不怕丢掉文具了。这个文具盒成了我的好朋友，多么美丽又是多么的便利啊!
现在我上初三了。这个文具盒依然伴随着我。猫和老鼠的画面现已模糊不清了，这没有什么关系，它乃至更美丽了。在学习上它给我供给了许多协助，尽管文具盒里的东西比曾经更多了，但它毫无怨言。噢，它是多么美丽、多么诚笃而又默默无闻的朋友啊!它将和我永久相伴。
佳作点评
每个同学都有自己的文具盒，它是学习中必不可少的物品。
作者能用已学的言语材料，写出对文具盒的特别爱情，值得称道。文章写得生动风趣，语句较通畅，层次清楚，写出了对文具盒的喜欢。文章中运用极好的词语和句型有：take sb．to do sth. not strong enoughnot ...at all, look for, more than...，since then，spend...on，look at，there be, such as, not...any longer， not...any more, it doesn't matter, a lot of等。此外，还恰当地运用了时刻状语从句、并列句、since引导的从句，这些均值得读者学习。
现在对标数码的几个语句谈点定见：
①"to buy it"应改为"to have it"。依照习惯用法，如果在商铺里购买产品时，能够说：:I want to buy sth.”而拿定主意，预备付钱买下此物时，一般不必buy而要说“I will have it”或“I will take it.”留意：have作“买”讲时，是继续动词，能够与一段时刻状语连用。如：He has had the wathch for a year. 但but没有此种用法，由于它是暂短动词。②文章标题是"My Pencil—box"，因而，主语we应改为I才契合
常规。别的，依据only习惯用法，在这里应置于 spent之后才正确。③“…was doing...”应改成“…did…”才契合句法准则。
中考词组总温习中考满分作文赏识中考句法常识考题演练及答案中考语法易错题汇编及剖析（五）连词
中考作文：阐明文
