1. little, a little
[同] 两者都可用作名词､形容词或副词,均能够在句中作主语､宾语､定语或状语｡作定语时,两者都只用来润饰不可数名词｡
[异] little 表明否定意义,意为“很少;几乎没有”, a little 表明必定意义,意为“有一些;有一点儿”｡例如:
—Can you speak English? 你会讲吗?
—Yes, but only a little. 会,但只会一点儿｡
I am new here, I know little about the school. 我是新来的,对这个校园不太了解｡
He sleeps little. 他睡得少｡
He slept a little. 他睡了一瞬间｡
[操练] 用 little 或 a little 填空｡
1. I have very ______ time for reading.
2. I have______time, so I can help you.
3. We have lots of homework every day. We sleep very______ .
Key: 1. little 2. a little3. little
2. All right, That’s right, That’s all right
[同] 这三个短语和语句中都含有right, 方式上类似｡
[异] 1) “All right.”独自使用时,表明同意对方的定见或约请,意为“行,好,能够”, 相当于“OK.”｡例如:
—Let’s play soccer. 咱们踢足球吧!
—All right. 好吧!
2) “That’s right.”表明同意对方的观念或观念,意为“对,不错;确实”,相当于“You’re right.”｡例如:
—I think she is twelve.我以为她12岁｡
—That’s right. 不错｡
3) “That’s all right.”主要有两种用法:一是用来回应他人的感谢,意为“不用谢”或“别谦让”,相当于“Not at all./That’s OK./You’re welcome.”;二是用来答复他人的抱歉,意为“不要紧”,相当于“That’s OK./It doesn’t matter.”｡例如:
(1) —Thank you very much. 非常感谢你!
—That’s all right. 别谦让｡
(2) —I’m sorry. I’m late. 对不住,我来晚了!
—That’s all right. 不要紧｡
[操练] 用 All right, That’s right 或 That’s all right 填空｡
1. —Let’s meet at six this afternoon.
—______.
2. —Thanks for your help.
—______.
3. —Sorry, I can’t help you.
—______.
4. —You come from Shanghai, I think.
—______.
Key : 1. All right2. That’s all right3. That’s all right
4. That’s right
3. family, house, home
[同] 这三个词都与“家”有关｡
[异] 1) family 意为“家庭”,与家庭成员有关,不触及寓居的房子｡当 family 作全体概念的“家庭”解且在句中作主语时,谓语动词用第三人称奇数方式; 当 family 作“家庭各个成员”解并作主语时,谓语动词用复数方式｡例如:
My family is happy. 我的家庭很美好｡
My family are very well. 我的家人身体都很好｡
2) house 意为“房子”,侧重于表明全家人所寓居的建筑物｡例如:
We live in a new house. 咱们住在新房子里｡
There are many new houses here. 这儿有许多新房子｡
3) home 意为“家”,指一个人出世和寓居的当地,它具有 house 所没有的爱情颜色,如情感､聚会等｡ home 还可用作副词,意为“到家”､“在家”｡例如:
My home is in Beijing. 我的家在北京｡
My home is not far from school. 我的家离校园不远｡
East, west, home is best. 金窝,银窝,不如自己家的草窝｡
Tom isn’t at school. He’s at home. 汤姆没上学,他在家里｡
[操练] 用 family, house 或 home 填空｡
1. There are three people in my______ , my father, my mother and I.
2. He bought a new______at a good price.
3. My______are watching TV now.
4. When do you often get______ ?
5. I live in Wuhan, but my______is in Guangdong.
Key: 1. family2. house3. family4. home5. home
4. and, with
[同] 两者都可表明“和”的意思｡
[异] and 是连词,衔接两个并排的词､词组或语句,可译为“和”､“而”､“又”等,由 and 衔接的前后成分的方式应相同｡with是介词,这以后跟名词或代词作宾语,意为“和……一同”或“跟……一道”,这以后跟人称代词时,人称代词要用宾格方式｡例如:
I like swimming and dancing. 我喜爱游水和跳舞｡
I help him with his English and he helps me with my math. 我帮他学,他帮我学数学｡
Tom often goes shopping with me. 汤姆常常跟我一同去购物｡
[操练] 用and 或with填空｡
1. The boy is______his mother.
2. Let’s go______play soccer.
3. Our teacher is very strict______I’m usually very tired after class.
4. I’m very well.______you?
5. Would you like to go______her?
6. We get up at 6∶30,______then we have a quick breakfast.
Key: 1. with2. and3. and4. And5. with6. and
