四级英文阅览：Height

英文阅览：Height
It seems that these days it's the European nations who have the tallest men and women. Research carried out by over 800 scientists measuring height trends for different nationalities since 1914 has found that Dutch men and Latvian women now top the height charts. However, according to the study, it's Iranian men and South Korean women who have shot up the most – they have gained on average more than 16cm and 20cm respectively.

In the UK, the rate of growth for men and women has been the same – 11 cm – with the average male now standing at 178cm and the average female at 164cm , both 5cm shorter than the average Dutchman and Latvian female.

Surprisingly, US men and women have sunk right down in the rankings. While in 1914, they were ranked third tallest for men and fourth tallest for women, nowadays they are down to 27th and 42nd,and today it's Estonia who has the third tallest men and women. East Asia has seen the most gain in height – with people in China, Japan and South Korea much taller than they were 100 years ago. The survey found that the world's smallest men are in East Timor, 160cm, and smallest women, 150cm, are from Guatemala, 20cm smaller than Latvian women.

According to the authors of the study, based at Imperial College in London, genetics are not the sole factor in determining height variation among different nations, as Majid Ezzati, lead scientist of the project explained: "Genes don't change that fast and they don't vary that much across the world. So changes over time and variations across the world are largely environmental." Of critical importance were sanitation, healthcare and nutrition, he said, as well as the mother's health and diet during pregnancy.

Other surprising findings, relating to how height impacts on people's health and income, have been revealed. For example, tall people can expect enhanced longevity and they are less likely to suffer from heart disease. Tall people are also likely to earn more! According to research by Exeter University, a British man who is 7.5 cm shorter than his counterpart will earn £1,500 less!It might be time to invest in a pair of shoes with heels!

词汇表

to measure 丈量
trend 趋势，趋向
to shoot up 敏捷长高
respectively 别离地
growth 成长
to sink 下降
ranking 排名
gain 添加，进步
genetics 遗传学
sole 仅有的，独自的
to determine 决议
height variation 身高的改变
critical 关键性的
sanitation 卫生设备
healthcare 医疗保健
nutrition 养分
diet 日常饮食
enhanced 进步的，添加的
longevity 长命
counterpart （与安排的人或物）相对应者

检验与操练

1.  阅览课文并回答问题。

1. True or false? The tallest women are from the Netherlands.

2. Which country has seen the greatest increase in men's height over the last century? 

3. Name two factors that influence how tall different nationalities are.

4. What health advantages are there in being tall according to the article?

5. According to UK research, how might your height affect your income?

2. 请你在不参阅课文的情况下完结下列操练。挑选一个意思适宜的单词填入语句的空格处 。

1. There is a growing __________ nowadays for teenagers to be taller than their parents. 

habit       trend       custom       routine

2. Gosh, Jamie, you've really __________ up since I last saw you. How tall are you now? 

shootened       grown       shot       got

3. Lily is tiny for her age. She's the __________ girl in her class by far.

smallest       most small       smaller       smalliest

4. It's not easy to __________ the role of genetics in how tall people grow.

vary       determine       factor       differ

5. The scientist leading the investigation consulted with __________ in the department on when to call a halt to the experiment.

companions       counterparts       colleagues       controllers

答案

1.  阅览课文并回答问题。

1. True or false? The tallest women are from the Netherlands.
False. The tallest women are from Latvia.

2. Which country has seen the greatest increase in men's height over the last century?
Iran.

3. Name two factors that influence how tall different nationalities are.
(Any two from) genetics, sanitation, healthcare, nutrition

4. What health advantages are there in being tall according to the article?
Tall people tend to live longer and are less likely to have heart disease.

5. According to UK research, how might your height affect your income?
Taller people earn more than their shorter counterparts.

2. 请你在不参阅课文的情况下完结下列操练。挑选一个意思适宜的单词填入语句的空格处 。

1. There is a growing trend nowadays for teenagers to be taller than their parents.

2. Gosh, Jamie, you've really shot up since I last saw you. How tall are you now?

3. Lily is tiny for her age. She's the smallest girl in her class by far.

4. It's not easy to determine the role of genetics in how tall people grow.

5. The scientist leading the investigation consulted with colleagues in the department on when to call a halt to the experiment.